# Multimodal transport

> Multimodal transport is the movement of goods using two or more modes of transport — such as road, rail, sea, and air — under a single contract with one operator responsible for the whole journey.

Combining modes lets logistics operators balance cost, speed, and emissions: long hauls might move by rail or sea while road handles first and last mile. Coordinating the handovers between modes is the operational challenge multimodal planning solves.

The defining feature of multimodal transport is contractual: a single operator — a Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO) — issues one transport document and carries end-to-end responsibility, even though several carriers physically move the goods. This is what distinguishes it from intermodal transport, which describes the physical method of moving goods in one loading unit across modes.

A routing engine that supports road, maritime, air, and rail lets planners build and price multimodal journeys in one place, with the correct network and constraints for each leg.

## Frequently asked questions

### What is the difference between multimodal and intermodal transport?

Multimodal is a commercial arrangement: one operator takes contractual responsibility for the entire door-to-door journey under a single contract, regardless of how many carriers or modes are involved. Intermodal is a physical method: goods travel in one standardised loading unit (container, swap body, or trailer) across several modes without being handled, typically under a separate contract for each leg. A single shipment can be both multimodal and intermodal at the same time.

### Who is liable for damage in multimodal transport?

Under a multimodal contract the Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO) is liable to the customer for the whole journey, then recovers from the underlying carrier responsible for the leg where the loss occurred. This single point of liability is a key commercial advantage of multimodal over arranging each leg separately.


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Canonical page: https://transportial.com/en/glossary/multimodal-transport